A while back Angela Mitropoulos in her contribution to the edu-factory discussion used a portion of Kant I hadn’t come across before. The Conflict of the Faculties [pdf] is an account of the university, as composed of 3 higher faculties - in descending order theology, law and medicine - and 1 lower, being philosophy. As Kant sees it the hierarchy of the faculties, their respective vertical positions, is related to their proximity to oversight. The more autonomous a discipline the lower it is.

[page 41] The Distinctive Characteristic of the Faculty of Medicine

Although medicine is an art, it is an art that is drawn directly from nature and must therefore be derived from a science of nature. So the physician, as a man of learning, must come under some faculty by which he must have been trained and to whose judgment he must remain subject. But since the way physicians deal with the people’s health must be of great interest to the government, it is entitled to supervise their dealings with the public through an assembly chosen from the businessmen of this faculty (practicing doctors) - a board of public health - and through medical regulations. Unlike the other higher faculties, however, the faculty of medicine must derive its rules of procedure not from orders of the authorities but from the nature of things themselves, so that its teachings must have also belonged originally to the philosophy faculty, taken in its widest sense. And because of this special characteristic of the medical faculty, medical regulations deal not so much with what doctors should do as with what they should not do: they ensure, first, that there will be doctors for the public and, secondly, that there will be no spurious doctors (no ius impune occidendi ["law of killing with impunity"], according to the principle: fiat experimentum in corpori vili ["let experiments be made on worthless bodies"]). By the first of these principles, the government watches over the public’s convenience, and by the second, over the public’s safety (in the manner of the people’s health). And since these two services are the function of a police force, all medical regulations really have to do only with policing the medical profession.
The medical faculty is, therefore, much freer than the other two higher faculties and closely akin to the Philosophy Faculty. indeed, it is altogether free with regard to the teachings by which it trains doctors, since its texts cannot be sanctioned by the highest authorities but can be drawn only from nature. It can also have no laws strictly speaking (if by laws we mean the unalterable [page 42] will of the legislator), but only regulations (edicts); and since learning requires [as its object] a systematic content of teachings, knowledge of these regulations does not constitute the learning [of the medical faculty]. This faculty does indeed possess such learning; but since the government does not have the authority to sanction it (because it is not contained in any code of laws), it must leave this to the faculty’s discretion and concern itself only with helping medical practitioners to be of service to the public, by establishing dispensaries and hospitals. These practitioners (physicians), however, remain subject to the judgment of their faculty in matters which concern the medical police and so interest the government.

from Kant, I. (1979). The Conflict of the Faculties (M. J. Gregor, Trans.). New York, USA: Abaris Books. pp 41-2.